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1.
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A preliminary investigation is conducted by probation officers at or during:
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a. [removed] intake.
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b. [removed] investigation.
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c. [removed] supervision.
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d. [removed] release of offender.
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2.
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The United States Supreme Court has ruled that only juveniles over the age of _____ can be executed for their crimes.
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a. [removed] 10
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b. [removed] 12
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c. [removed] 14
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d. [removed] 17
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3.
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What percent of juveniles currently are waived to adult court?
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a. [removed] 5 percent
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b. [removed] 15 percent
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c. [removed] 25 percent
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d. [removed] 36 percent
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4.
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Judges must hold probable cause hearings when:
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a. [removed] prosecutors file to send a juvenile to adult court.
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b. [removed] cases come to the adult court by a mandatory judicial waiver.
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c. [removed] cases come to the adult court by a discretionary judicial waiver.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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5.
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The probation official who has replaced the case worker is the:
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a. [removed] police officer.
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b. [removed] community resource manager.
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c. [removed] intake officer.
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d. [removed] referee.
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6.
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Which is the correct order in which probation services are provided?
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a. [removed] Intake, investigation, supervision
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b. [removed] Supervision, intake, investigation
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c. [removed] Investigation, intake, supervision
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d. [removed] Arrest, intake, investigation, supervision, bail
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7.
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In order for a state to have a valid death penalty, judges must consider:
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a. [removed] mitigating circumstances.
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b. [removed] statistical ambiguities in demographic trends.
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c. [removed] historical traditions of the court.
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d. [removed] future impact of the penalty on deterring crimes.
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8.
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According to studies on restitution, which of the following are among the primary goals of restitution programs?
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a. [removed] Hold parents accountable for their children’s offenses
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b. [removed] They set-up local programs to fully reimburse victims for their financial damages at their expense
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c. [removed] They hold juveniles accountable for their offenses
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d. [removed] All of the choices apply
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9.
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The balanced approach in probation focuses on:
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a. [removed] arrest, conviction, and confinement.
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b. [removed] correction, rehabilitation, and aftercare.
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c. [removed] the community, the victim, and the offender.
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d. [removed] both arrest, conviction, and confinement and correction, rehabilitation, and aftercare.
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10.
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Which of the following are (is/a) goal(s) of electronic monitoring programs?
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a. [removed] To reduce the number of field contacts required by home-confinement officers
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b. [removed] To provide for early unification with the juvenile’s family
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c. [removed] To keep the juvenile out of school
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d. [removed] Both to reduce the number of field contacts required by home-confinement officers and to provide for early unification with the juvenile’s family
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11.
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Which of the following is the most widely used organization of probation in the United States?
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a. [removed] Local/judicial
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b. [removed] State/judicial
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c. [removed] State/executive
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d. [removed] Local/executive or a combination
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12.
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To keep youths out of the adult system, Hamparian, et al. have proposed the formation of a(n):
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a. [removed] hidden system of justice.
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b. [removed] youthful offender system.
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c. [removed] net widening system.
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d. [removed] none of the choices apply.
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13.
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Probation officers must satisfy:
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a. [removed] the needs of the client.
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b. [removed] only the juvenile justice system needs.
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c. [removed] their own ego needs.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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14.
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The law views juveniles as:
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a. [removed] practical, reasoning, and rule-following being.
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b. [removed] an instinctually based, driven being.
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c. [removed] an emotional, feeling, and inconsistent being.
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d. [removed] none of the choices apply.
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15.
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When juveniles are ordered to find jobs, hold them, and pay back victims, they are in a _____ program.
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a. [removed] treatment
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b. [removed] surveillance
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c. [removed] restitution
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d. [removed] compensation
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16.
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_____ is a program of intermediate punishment whereby youths are ordered to remain confined in their residences.
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a. [removed] Solitary confinement
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b. [removed] Clinical confinement
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c. [removed] House arrest
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d. [removed] Stay home
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17.
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Well-developed probation programs should help overcome what traditionally weak component of the juvenile justice program?
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a. [removed] Reinforcement of positive behavior
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b. [removed] Getting psychoanalytic techniques into the community
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c. [removed] Attacking community disorganization
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d. [removed] None of the choices apply
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18.
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The Integrated Social Control (ISC) model of intensive supervision:
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a. [removed] focuses on strain, control, and social learning theories.
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b. [removed] argues that many youths are inadequately socialized.
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c. [removed] maintains that youths have weak bonding to the community.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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19.
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Data on juveniles who received the death penalty indicate that:
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a. [removed] juveniles received the death penalty in numbers equal to that of adults.
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b. [removed] juveniles received the death penalty more frequently than adults.
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c. [removed] juveniles received the death penalty far less frequently than adults.
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d. [removed] no data are available on how many juveniles have received the death penalty.
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20.
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_____ is when states offer financial incentives or manpower to local systems if all probationers are handled in the local system.
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a. [removed] Local determination
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b. [removed] Financial redistribution
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c. [removed] Probation subsidy
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d. [removed] State organization of control
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